The dynamics of quantitative indicators of various economic regions is identified. The changes of the both city and rural population are shown. This article identifies the specific indicators of changes in population. Besides, the definition of the population of Russia is necessary for the organization of fundamentally important calculations of the relative indicators such as natality, marriage rate, death rate and migrations of population in rear area. It is impossible to define the direct and indirect losses of the population of Russia without identification of the population of Russia. This scientific challenge not only poorly studied, but is one of the topical issues of national historical demography. Historical demography has an idea of the regional side of the problem, but the issue of changes in the population of the RSFSR as a whole is not solved. The population of the country in 1939-1940 is determined with a fairly high degree of accuracy, but its dynamics remains beyond the attention of scientists. The article reviewed unexplored historical and demographic problem: the population change in Russia during World War II. The course followed in this article consists of marking the shifts that have characterized the historiographical practices designated, in their time or subsequently, as belonging to cultural history. Should we, consequently, change perspectives and consider that all history, whatever its nature - economical or social, demographic or political - is cultural, insofar as the most objectively measurable phenomena are always the result of the meanings that individuals attribute to things, words, and behavior? In this fundamentally anthropological perspective, the problem is not so much to define the particular sphere of cultural history, differentiated from that of its neighbors, but rather avoid an imperialist definition of the category.Between these two stumbling blocks, the road is narrow. It is not easy to define 'cultural history.' The risk is great of failing to draw a clear distinction between cultural history and other histories, such as the history of ideas, the history of literature, the history of art, the history of education, the history of media, or the history of sciences. The location of these monuments is specific - they were erected at a certain distance from public places, at the territories of churches (victims of famine, victims of political repressions), which is associated with the predicted ambiguity of their perception. At the same time, new tendencies in commemorative practices are traced - tragic pages of history that until recently were “uncomfortable” (and in Soviet times banned for research), such as human losses, extremely high mortality of the civilian population from hunger, forcibly transferred to special settlements, - began to be reflected in the construction of monuments, memorable places. The authors conclude that the events of World War II find a lively response from the public. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of society in perpetuating the memory of the Great Patriotic War. The historical and cultural heritage, expressed in monuments, architectural structures, dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, today is significant.
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